Spumoni is a traditional Italian dessert that is a type of gelato. It is characterized by its three-layer composition, which typically includes flavors such as cherry, pistachio, and either chocolate or vanilla. Sometimes it includes candied fruits and nuts. This dessert is distinctly molded, unlike the more common scoop-served ice creams, allowing it to present its layers in a visually appealing cross-section when sliced.

Originating in Southern Italy, spumoni became particularly popular in Naples and was later brought to the United States by Italian immigrants in the 19th and early 20th centuries. It is thought to be derived from "spuma," the Italian word for foam, hinting at its light, airy texture. In the United States, spumoni gained popularity especially in states with significant Italian-American populations. It is often compared to Neapolitan ice cream but differs notably in texture and typical flavor composition.

Spumoni is often served at Italian-American celebrations and is particularly associated with festive occasions. A national allegiance is noted through "National Spumoni Day," celebrated on August 21 in the United States, highlighting its cultural significance.

The International Dairy Foods Association defines authentic spumoni as consisting of three flavors of ice cream with fruits and nuts, each flavor molded to form one-third of the product. Authentic spumoni must be cut, not scooped, which sets it apart from other types of ice cream.

Despite regional variations, the combination of complementary flavors and textures remains a defining characteristic of spumoni. In Italy, the traditional flavor combinations may vary regionally, but internationally, the typical combination remains consistent.